OBJECTIVE To know the situation of antimicrobial application during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in hospital and the role of surgical nurses in rational use of antibacterials to prevent the nosocomial infection.METHODS To train surgical and operating room nurses on basis of Zhejiang provincial guide scheme on clinical rational use of antibacterials and chooses the patients of department of general surgery after cholecystectomy during Jan to Jun 2006 to know their antibacterial application.RESULTS From 219 cases after laparoscopic cholecystectomy during this period,96% had rational use of antibacterials during perioperative period vs 56% in the same period of 2005 when were without surgical nurse intervention.CONCLUSIONS The active of surgical nurses is important to significantly elevate the efficacy of rational use of antibacterials during perioperative period.