We treated 50 acute leukemia patients with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Among them, 10 patients were transplanted with unpurged autologous bone marrow (ABMT), 22 patients with purged autologous bone marrow(PABMT), 18 Patients with autologous blood hematopoietic stem cell (ABHSCT). The three years disease-free living incidences in the three groups were 75%,69.9% and 72.7%, respectively. The relapse rates were 36.6%, 27.2%, and 31.4%, respectively.A high three-year disease-free incidence and low relapse rate were found in the patients with less than two months between diagnosis and achieving complete remission (CR), transplantation after 6 months of achieving CR, conditioning treatment with chemotherapy and total body irradiation (TBI) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The results indicated that there are some correlations between the amount of infused mononuclear cells and the recovery of bone marrow hematopoiesis. No significant difference of therapeutic effiency was demonstrated among the three groups.