Objective To investigate the changes of inflammatory factors in the blood serum and their relationship with the immune status of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis(TB).Methods A total of 97 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were included from Feb 2003 to Oct 2005,57 of active TB,40 in resting period.Another 41 healthy people were used as normal control.ELISA and APAAP method were used to detect the level of TNF-?, IL-1,IL-6 and the changes of CD_(4),CD_(8)and CD_(4)/CD_(8).Results The levels of IL-1,IL-6,TNF-? were(15.3?1.3),(80.5?7.3) and(77.2?9.8) ng/ml in the normal controls,(33.7?3.6),(293.6?30.5) and(190.7?25.2) in the patients of active TB,and(18.2?2.1),(130.7?14.5),(87.5?10.2) ng/ml in the patients at resting period,which were highest in the patients of active TB.The ratio of CD_(4)and CD_(4)/CD_(8) was(32.3?2.9)% and(0.83?0.17) in the patients of active TB,lower than(48.2?4.4)% and(0.83?0.17) of normal controls.Conclusion The increase of inflammatory factors and decrease of immune activity were the clinical characteristic of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis,which are of inverse relationship.