Based on the survey of refraction before and after the installation of cycloplegic in thousands of school myopes in China, it appears that accommodation factor presents in 60% of cases (myopia decreased 0.5 D or more), and 10% cases belong to the pseudo-myopia (myopia disappears after the installation of cycloplegic and appears as emmetropia or hyper-opia). Long-term atropine treatment of school myopia can eliminate accommodation tonus, prevent or retard the progress of myopia. The efficiency of various treatments for pseudo-myopia should be evaluated carefully by long-term double-masked randomized clinical trials according to the principle of evidence-based medicine.