This paper preliminary studied the movement of soil bacterial number, and the relationship with 8 kinds of ecological factors. The result indicated: soil bacterial number only appears a biggest value in one year (2. 67?10-7个 individual g-1 dry soil). Among 8 kinds of ecological factors, soil water content, temperature, hydrolyted nitrogen, quick acting postossium and active organic matter have straight relationship with siol bacteria, and have negative relationship with soil pH, electric conduct rate, effective phosphorus. The component analysis indicated that soil water content, temperature, electric conduct rate, active organic matter are principal effective factors.