Recent researches have showed that neural stem cells be isolated not only in the embryonic nervous system but also in adult nervous system. Neural stem cells have some capacity for self-renewal, migration and can differentiate into neurons, astrocyte and oligodendrocyte. This provides a basis in therapy of degenerative diseases and functional recovery of the central nervous system injury. Also helps in the study of determining the postmortem interval ( PMI) and postmortem injury. Distribution, biological characteristic, identification and the factors effecting the proliferation, differentiation and migration with reference to therapy of neural stem cells and applications in forensic pathology are reviewed.