Objective To observe the effects of bulbar subconjunctival and periocular injection of dexamethasonone on blood glucose levels of type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM)rats.Methods 80 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Group Ⅰ (n-=-40) and Group Ⅱ (n =40).Group Ⅰ rats received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin to induce T1DM model,while Group Ⅱ rats received IP injection of citrate buffer solution and was the control group.Group Ⅰ rats and Group Ⅱ rats were further divided into four subgroups:A (n=10),a (n=10),B (n=10),and b (n=10).Subgroup-A rats received bulbar subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone,subgroup-a rats received bulbar subconjunctival injection of saline,subgroup-B rats received periocular injection of dexamethasone,subgroup-b rats received periocular injection of saline.After the injection,rats were fasted but could drink water.Tail vein blood samples were collected and the blood glucose level was measured by glucose monitor.Results After modeling,the blood glucose level of Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ rats was(9.31±1.79) mmol/L and (5.72±0.80) mmol/L respectively,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The blood glucose level of Group Ⅰ rats reached the peak in 3h after injection.In 6-24 h after injection,the blood glucose level of Group Ⅰ A rats was obviously increased than that of the blood glucose level of Group Ⅰa rats and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).In 3-24 hours after injection,the blood glucose level of Group Ⅰ B rats was obviously increased than that of the blood glucose level of Group Ⅰ b rats and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Comparing the blood glucose level during different injection time between Group Ⅰ A rats and Group Ⅰ B rats,between Group Ⅰ a rats and Group Ⅰ b rats,the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).In 3-24 hours after injection,the blood glucose level of Group Ⅱ A rats was obviously increased than that of the blood glucose level of Group Ⅱ a rats and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);the blood glucose level of Group Ⅱ B rats was obviously increased than that of the blood glucose level of Group Ⅱb rats and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Comparing the blood glucose level during different injection time between Group Ⅱ A rats and Group Ⅱ B rats,between Group Ⅱ a rats and Group Ⅱ b rats,the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Bulbar subconjunctival injection and periocular injection of dexamethasone could both increase the blood glucose of TIDM rats,but these two injection methods had no differences on the blood glucose level.