Biliary tract carcinoma is a rare cancer with poor prognosis.Although having limited clinical benefit,chemotherapy represents the cornerstone of management for patients with inoperable and postoperative recurrence of cholangiocarcinoma.Substantial breakthroughs in the study of chemotherapy for treatment in advanced cholangiocarcinoma are rare due to the heterogeneity of cholangiocarcinoma,the use of various chemotherapeutic agents and the small size of existing patient cohorts.Currently,no standard chemotherapeutic strategies exist for cholangiocarcinoma,though some combinatorial stratagies,such as gemcitabine plus cisplatin,have proven to prolong survival significantly.Still,further studies are needed to improve the treatment of patients with biliary tract cancer.