Objective Based on the literatures published between 2005 and 2014,review the correlation between reward/loss of brain structure and neural network,and its relationship with physical and mental ailments,aim to reveal the neural structure and network of behavioral decision mechanism.Methods By retrieving literatures on PubMed,ScienceDirect,CNKI and Wanfang database in September 2014,we used decision making,reward,loss aversion and so on as the key words.Results Totally 40 papers were enrolled,the result reviewed the clinic meaning and the brain structure and neural network of the reward/loss process in decision making.Conclusion Most studies found the reward/loss decision making mechanism of the brain structure and the physical and mental ailments caused by the two systems imbalance,but related to the precise decision making neural mechanism has yet to be studied further.