Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) is an important member of incretin.Takingitoralymay stimulate the terminal ileum and colon L cel s to secrete GLP-1. After GLP-1 biding specific receptor GLP-1 receptor ( GLP-1R), it exerts the roles of promoting glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon secretion, and decreasing plasma glucagon level. The molecular mass of GLP-1 is relatively smal er and can directly cross the blood-brain barrier, and both central and peripheral nervous systems have the GLP-1R expression. GLP-1 significantly improves neurological deficits and reduces infarct volume. It may exert neuroprotective effect through the mechanisms of inhibiting the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cel apoptosis. This article review s the discovery of GLP-1, its biological characteristics and neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia.