Objective To explore the expressive level and clinical significance of tumor necrosis factor ligands related molecule 1A (TL1A) in peripheral blood of patients with viral myocarditis.Methods In 70 patients with viral myocarditis (viral myocarditis group) and 70 normal controls (control group),the plasma level of TL1A was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and the mRNA level of TL1A was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results The plasma level of TL1A in viral myocarditis group was significantly higher than that in control group [(1.37 ± 0.41) μg/L vs.(0.85 ± 0.22) μg/L](P=0.000).The level of peripheral blood TL1A mRNA in viral myocarditis group was significantly higher than that in control group (0.39 ±0.17 vs.0.31 ±0.11,P =0.001).Conclusion The level of TL1A in patients with viral myocarditis is increased,and TL1A may participate in the occurrence of viral myocarditis.