Objective: To analyze the efficiency of chronic disease prevention and control of primary health service institutions in Shandong, and provide policy references. Methods:Using CRS and VRS models from DEA to analyze the representative input and output indicators in primary health Service institutions. Results: The overall efficiency of chronic disease prevention and control in primary health service institutions is low, and the actual output was insufficient compared with the target output. Conclusion: Strengthening chronic disease control measures in high-risk group and establishing management mechanism leaded by the goal of chronic prevention and control in order to achieve optimal allocation of resources.