BACKGROUND:The stem cel s transplanted into the damaged heart tissues can differentiate into cardiomyocytes, which bring new hope for the research of ischemic heart disease. OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility and safety of stem cel transplantation for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. METHODS:Various experimental methods to the feasibility and safety of stem cel transplantation for the treatment of ischemic heart disease were analyzed. REPAIR-AMI experiment was a randomized and double-blind and placebo-control ed multi-center study that used to analyze the therapeutic effect of intracoronary transplantation of bone marrow progenitor cel s immediately after acute myocardial infarction. MAGIC Cel-3-DES experiment was used to evaluate the safety of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilized stem cel therapy and the effect of intracoronary injection of mobilized peripheral blood stem cel s on the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and old myocardial infarction. BOOST experiment was the randomized control ed study on autologous bone marrow cel transplantation through coronary vein after myocardial infarction. PROTECT-CAD experiment was the randomized control ed clinical trial about the direct injection of stem cel s into the myocardial for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION:Stem cel transplantation may improve the left ventricular systolic function and left ventricular diastolic function as wel as the coronary flow reserve, and the related studies have been confirmed. Stem cel transplantation for the treatment of ischemic heart disease can increase the left ventricular ejection fraction. As the less clinical accident, stem cel therapy cannot increase the risk of restenosis based on the treatment of drug-eluting stents. It is safe and feasible of stem cel transplantation for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Large sample, long scale and multi-center randomized control ed studies are needed to further evaluate the effect and risk of stem cel transplantation.