Monitoring data of antibiotic susceptibility from both home and abroad showed that carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are being on the rise,which represents an increasingly urgent clinical danger and an emerging public health concern worldwide.In order to effectively prevent CRE transmission in healthcare settings,we should not only pay high attention to the capability building of the laboratory of clinical microbiology,but also actively explore into the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae.What's more,we should substantially raise the detection capacity of laboratory on CRE,effectively carry out the antimicrobial stewardship program,and strictly implement hand hygiene and contact precautions.(Chin J Lab Med,2013,36:300-302)