The changes in shape, structure and function of red blood cells (RBC) after cold storage were observed by using slow cold storage technique. Before and after cold storage, RBC mean corpuscular volume (MCV), RBC fragility (RF), whole blood viscosity (WBV), RBC deformity (RBCD), LFU, SatO2, hematocrit (HCT), RBC recovery rate (RBCRR) and RBC immune function were measured. The result showed that after resuscitation, RBC had vital resistance to hypotonic solution. There was no significant difference in MCV, RBCD and LFU (P>0.05). HCT and WBV were decreased and RBCRR reached 84.1 %(all P<0.01). SatO2 was increased from 30.5 % to 98.2 %. RBC immune function showed no significant difference (P>0.05). It was suggested that quality of RBC didn't change after cold storage and RBC could be cryopreserved for a long time.