Objective To explore the clinical value of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound(TV-CDS)in the detection of blood flow changes within the ovarian stromal artery in patients with ovarian endometriosis.Methods Blood flow indices within the ovarian stromal artery were measured by TV-CDS in 60 patients and60 normal controls.Results In ovarian endometriosis group,TV-CDS examination showed the color signal pattern was dot-like with high-resistance ovarian stromal arterial flow which manifested significant higher resistance index(RI),pulsatility index(PI)and systolic/diastolic(S/D)ratio than those in normal group(P<0.01).Analysis on clinicopathologic data showed that cystic history and diameter were risk factors affecting the absence of ovarian stromal blood signal,while cystic history,diameter and category were associated with the significant difference of blood flow display area(P<0.05).Conclusions TV-CDS can be used as a non-invasive,convenient and sensitive method for assessing blood flow changes within the ovarian stromal artery,indicating ovarian interstitial damage as well as pathological conditions of ovarian endometriosis that contributes to clinical diagnosis and treatment.