Objective To investigate the recent efficacy and safety of autologous bone marrow stem cells transplantation in treatment of early spinal cord injury. Methods 51 cases of early spinal cord injury admitted to Liaocheng People Hospital from 2007.11 to 2009.8 were enrolled in this study. In transplantation group, 24 patients were treated by subarachnoid space injection with autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation. The patients who were not transplanted in the same period of hospitalization were selected as control group. Motor and sensory function ( AISA score) was assessed at 1, 3, 6 months before and after transplantation in two groups patients. And blood routine, clotting mechanisms, biochemical items andtunor markers were determined in followed up. Results After one month of transplantation, two groups ofpatients had recovered in motor and sensory function to some degree. After three months of transplantation,there was significant different between transplantation group and control group in sensory function recovery (P < 0. 05 ). After 6 months of transplantation, there were significant different between transplant group and control group in motor and sensory function recovery (P<0.05). Blood examination results did not show markedly abnormal in followed -up patientsConclusion The safety and recent effect of autologous bone marrow stem cells transplantation in treatment of early spinal cord injury were satisfied, but the long - term effect was still unclear.