Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a complication of mechanical ventilation and also important types of nosocomial infection. With the extensive use of ventilators, neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia in a growing trend severely affected the success rate of the critically ill neonates, which has become a neonatal ventilator dependence and major cause of death. Taking reasonable and timely diagnosis and treatment is an urgent issue. This article focuses on the current diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia in progress,especially in the diagnosis of etiology and treatment.