Journal of Nutrition and Health  2016;49(3):144-152

doi:10.4163/jnh.2016.49.3.144

Development of morning bread fortified citrus peels powders and its evaluation of biological activity by human trial.

Ha Neul LEE 1 ; Tae Sun PARK ; Ok Kyeong YU ; Moon Sun BYUN ; Youn Soo CHA

Affiliations

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Keywords

morning bread; citrus peels powder; breakfast; anti-obesity; coronary artery disease

Country

Republic of Korea

Language

Korean

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to develop morning bread using powdered citrus peels and to examine the effect of its several biological activities for 12 weeks in overweight adults (BMI ≧ 23) living in dormitories of Chonbuk National University. METHODS: Control bread was prepared using the same formula except for replacing the wheat flour with 3% citrus peel powder. Subjects were classified according to two groups: Intake group of 3% citrus peel powder fortified morning bread (n = 30) and general morning bread (n = 30). RESULTS: The results of our study showed no significant effects of citrus peel powdered morning bread on anthropometric indices and biochemical characteristics among overweight adults. Despite the slight reduction in total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, GOT, and GPT (p < 0.05), no significant differences in changes of these values were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The short duration of our intervention might have resulted in the lack of any significant effect. Therefore, conduct of further studies with longer duration is warranted in order that the results from this study can be utilized as a basis for the development of food products with citrus peel powder.