Organ Transplantation 2026;17(5):718-730

doi:10.12464/j.issn.1674-7445.2026138

Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of chronic lung allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation (2025 edition)

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Affiliations

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Keywords

Lung transplantation; Chronic lung allograft dysfunction; Diagnosis and treatment; Expert consensus; Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome; Restrictive allograft syndrome; Multi-disciplinary team

Country

China

Language

Chinese

Abstract

Lung transplantation serves as an effective therapeutic option for end-stage pulmonary diseases. In recent years, the number of patients receiving lung transplantation in China has increased year by year. Nevertheless, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), a major long-term complication following lung transplantation, remains a critical factor impairing the long-term survival of transplant recipients. To advance the development of lung transplantation in China and deliver comprehensive, safe, scientific and standardized diagnosis and treatment for relevant patients, the Lung Transplantation Group of Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association invited thoracic surgery specialists from qualified lung transplant centers to collect extensive expert opinions. In accordance with evidence-based medicine principles and based on best available published Chinese and English clinical evidence available to date, this consensus has been formulated. It aims to resolve challenging issues in the diagnosis and treatment of post-transplant CLAD and to provide standardized clinical protocols for clinicians engaged in this field.