Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) at different treatment on sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) in children and its effect on cerebral oxygen metabolism.Methods:A total of 180 children with SAE, treated in Qinghai Women and Children′s Hospital from March 2015 to March 2018, were selected as the research objects and divided into the 0.24 MPa HBO group (high pressure group, n=90) and 0.15 MPa HBO group (low pressure group, n=90) by random number table method. The scores of the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation scoring system (APACHEⅡ), Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category scale (PCPC), and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The markers of brain injury [neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100B protein polypeptide (S100B)], inflammatory factor levels [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] of the two groups after treatment were detected; and the jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO 2), carotid-venous blood oxygen content difference (AVDO 2), cerebral oxygen uptake rate (CEO 2), and cerebral tissue oxygen partial pressure (PbtO 2)]differences of the two groups before and after the treatment were calculated. Results:After 4 courses of treatment, the scores of APACHE Ⅱ and PCPC in the high pressure group were significantly lower than those of the low pressure group ( P<0.05). In the PEDI scale, the daily activities, mobility, and communication abilities of patients in the high pressure group after treatment were all significantly lower than those in the low pressure group ( P<0.05). The levels of NSE, S100B, TNF-α, CRP, and Il-6 of the high pressure group after treatment were significantly lower than those of the low pressure group after treatment ( P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of SjvO 2 and CEO 2 in the high-pressure group were significantly higher than those in the low-pressure group, while AVDO2 was significantly lower than that in the low-pressure group ( P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in PbtO 2 level between the two groups before and after the treatment ( P>0.05). Conclusion:HBO on SAE in children can significantly reduce the levels of brain injury markers and inflammatory factors, correct brain oxygen metabolism disorder, facilitate the recovery of brain injury, and improve the quality of life of patients.