Psychiatric symptoms caused by COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are common in clinical practice. In addition to the anxiety, depression, and insomnia, which are often seen, COVID-19 infection also leads to new onset of psychotic symptoms or exacerbation of pre-existing psychiatric symptoms. This study reported a case of a patient with a history of bipolar disorder who presented with clinical manifestations of catatonia after COVID-19 infection. Neurological impairments in this patient were confirmed by neurological physical examination, brain imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid examination. After treatment with lorazepam, glucocorticoids, and low-dose antipsychotics, the patient′s catatonia was significantly relieved. Clinicians should pay attention to the neurological damage caused by COVID-19 infection to be providing comprehensive analysis, diagnosis, and integrated treatment for patients who develop psychiatric symptoms after COVID-19 infection.