Objective:To explore the influences of trait anxiety and social support on fatigue and the mediating role of trait anxiety, and to provide data support for maintaining mental care of military flying personnel.Methods:One hundred military flying personnel in recuperation were randomly selected according to the method of random numder table. Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14), Trait Anxiety Inventory (T-AI) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were used to analyzed the influences of trait anxiety and social support on fatigue.Results:Different ages, years of military service, flying hours, military rank, marital status, educational level and only child or not had no statistical significance on fatigue (all P>0.05). Fatigue was positively correlated with trait anxiety ( r=0.412, 0.311, both P<0.001), but negatively correlated with social support ( r=-0.247, -0.236, -0.226, -0.314, -0.337, -0.235, P=0.013, 0.018, 0.024, 0.001, 0.001, 0.019). Trait anxiety was negatively correlated with social support ( r=-0.345, -0.350, -0.325, P<0.001,<0.001, P=0.001). Trait anxiety not only had a direct path effect on fatigue ( β=0.423, 0.246, P<0.001, P=0.012), but also had an indirect path effect as a mediator of social support on fatigue ( β=-0.143, -0.088, P=0.026, 0.037). Conclusions:Fatigue of military flying personnel is influenced by trait anxiety and social support, and trait anxiety plays a multiple intermediary role in such influences.