Philippine Journal of Cardiology 2025;53(2):107-120
doi:10.69944/pjc.38d047f9b8
Hypertension in women: From reproductive to postmenopausal phase
Leilani B. Mercado-Asis 1
Affiliations
Keywords
Hypertension In Women; Vascular Estrogen Protection; Blood Pressure In Women Lifespan
Country
Philippines
Language
English
MeSH
ACTIONS
ACTIONS
ACTIONS
Abstract
Globally, an estimated 1.28 billion adults aged 30–79 years have hypertension (HTN), most of them (two-thirds) living in low- and middle-income countries (WHO 2023 report). The demographic of blood pressure (BP) in both genders differs with aging. In peopleyounger than 65 years of age, BP levels in men are higher compared to those of women. Conversely, at age 65 years and older, more women have been found to have elevated BP. Likewise, the cumulative incidence of increased adverse cardiovascular (CV) events in women has been reported as they age. Aside from aging, the influence of bio-social factors among women has been implicated in the development of HTN, such as health status—use of oral contraceptive pills (OCP), menopausal stage, obesity and having polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) disease and socioeconomic condition—educational background, employment status and nuclear family setting. This paper will discuss how these factors affect the development of HTN and the approach of management among affected women from the reproductive to postmenopausal stage of life.
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