Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital 2025;16(5):1088-1095

doi:10.12290/xhyxzz.2025-0655

Applications and Clinical Significance of Artificial Intelligence in Antimicrobial Resistance

Ruike ZHANG 1 ; Junqi ZHANG 2 ; Rongchen DAI 1 ; Yating NING 3 ; Yingchun XU 3 ; Li ZHANG 3

Affiliations

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Keywords

antimicrobial resistance; artificial intelligence; resistance prediction; clinical decision support system; epidemiological surveillance

Country

China

Language

Chinese

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major global public health challenge, with traditional prevention and control methods exhibiting significant limitations in detection efficiency, data processing, and clinical decision-making. Leveraging its robust capabilities in data analysis and pattern recognition, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been widely applied across multiple critical aspects of AMR containment. Current evidence demonstrates that AI technologies can significantly enhance the efficiency of resistancediagnosis, optimize personalized treatment strategies, and improve real-time monitoring of resistant pathogen transmission. Despite persistent challenges such as data heterogeneity, model interpretability, and ethical compliance in practical applications, AI holds immense promise in supporting precision infection management and addressing the growing crisis of antimicrobial resistance.This article systematically reviews the clinical applications of AI in AMR prevention and control, including resistance detection and prediction based on mass spectrometry and genomic data, the use of clinical decision support systems in anti-infective therapy, as well as the role of AI in epidemiological surveillance, pathogen tracking, early warning systems, and novel antimicrobial drug discovery aiming to provide reference for clinical practice.