Orthokeratology lenses are effective methods for controlling myopia progression. This paper describes the principles and effects of orthokeratology lenses, focusing on randomized controlled trials investigating their ability to prevent myopia progression. While the short-term effects are widely accepted, further well-designed studies are required to assess the persistence of long-term benefits and the possibility of a rebound phenomenon after lens discontinuation. Additionally, both physicians and patients should prioritize safety, particularly in preventing complications such as infectious keratitis.