Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a predominantly used technique for superficial esophageal cancer treatment. The primary advantages of esophageal ESD include its high en bloc resection rate and the precise pathological assessment it confers. This procedure enables local primary tumor resection while accurately assessing risk factors for lymph node metastasis, including tumor depth, vascular invasion, and invasion type. Esophageal ESD will play a crucial role in minimally invasive and effective esophageal cancer treatments. In this article we discuss esophageal ESD regarding its indications, treatment outcomes, techniques, potential complications, and follow-up guidelines to ensure its safe and effective application.