Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)causes cognitive impairment mainly through mechanisms such as chronic intermittent hypoxia,sleep structural disorders,and molecular biological changes.The cognitive impair-ment mainly manifests as reduced memory,attention,and execution abilities,accompanied by a deficiency in daily life ac-tivities.With the gradual maturity of the monitoring and evaluation system for OSAS in recent years,research on treatment methods for OSAS has made some progress,but the mechanism of cognitive impairment caused by OSAS still needs further investigation and confirmation.This article reviews the research progress of cognitive impairment in OSAS in recent years.