Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gabapentin for the treatment of pruritus and sleep quality improving in uremic patients.Methods PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMbase,EBSCO,CNKI,WanFang Date and WeiPu Date were searched for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of gabapentin in treatment of uremic pruritus from the date of their establishment to April 15,2016.Treatment group received gabapentin capsules.Control group received placebo or antihistamine and so on.Meta-analysis were performed with RevMan 5.3 software including the total effective rate and the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI).Results 13 RCTs involving 657 patients meeting the inclusion criteria.The results of meta-analyses showed that gabapentin could increase the total effective rate by 1.61 times (P ＜0.001) and decrease the VAS (P ＜0.001) and PSQI (P ＜ 0.001),with significant differences.Conclusion Gabapentin has demonstrated efficacy and safety in the treatment of uremic pruritus.