Previous research on traditional Chinese medicine tongue inspection has mainly focused on its development,clinical application,and objectification,ignoring the fundamental question of "why tongue inspection is important in traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis" and neglecting the dominant role of traditional Chinese medicine brain thinking activities during diagnosis. Therefore,applying modern cognitive neuroscience technology to explore the impact of tongue inspection information on traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic thinking from an empirical research perspective may open up a new path for future tongue inspection research. This article proposes the combined application of eye tracking and event-related potential technology,drawing on the experimental paradigm of text reading inference correction in cognitive psychology,to collect eye movement and electroencephalogram data of participants induced by changes in tongue information during the reading process of traditional Chinese medicine medical records. This method can achieve synchronous observation of the focus areas and electroencephalogram signals of the subjects during the reading process,and provide cognitive scientific evidence for "why tongue inspection is important in traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis" through statistical data analysis. This research approach integrates the theories,techniques,and methods of traditional Chinese medicine and cognitive science,and is of great significance for developing cognitive thinking research in traditional Chinese medicine.