Peripheral neuropathies, including entrapment or injury, are quite common and are encountered frequently. To ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment for these conditions, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of peripheral nerve anatomy and assessment techniques. This may involve the use of methods like ultrasonography, as well as requiring clinical proficiency. The median nerve, which is one of the main nerves in the upper extremity, primarily controls motor function in the flexor muscles of the forearm and hand. It is responsible for actions such as wrist flexion and the movement of the first three fingers. The purpose of this article is to enhance understanding and improve the diagnosis of peripheral nerve disorders, with a particular focus on neuropathies associated with the median nerve.