Objective To observe the effect for the patients with esophageal carcinoma surgery by guben decotion combined with radiotherapy. Methods 64 cases of patients with esophageal carcinoma after surgery were randomly divided into two groups, patients in control group(n = 30) were treated by radiotherapy only. Patients in treatment group(n = 34) were treated by guben decotion combined radiotherapy. Investigated the digestive tract response,the marrow suppression,the radioactive response and the lifetime,the Kamofsky grading after the radiotherapy,contrasted two group of tumor patient's poisonous side reaction and the curative effect. Results B group of Karnofsky grading is higher than A group obviously;B group of lifetimes surpass A group obviously;B group of poisonous side reactions are lower than A group obviously. Conclusion The lifequality and lifetime of the patients with esophageal carcinoma after surgery treated by guben decotion combined with radiotherapy were improved obviously,and the poisonous side reaction of the radiotherapy were reduced obviously.