Objective To investigate the rehtionship between serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1 β afer head injury groups and intracranial pressure. Methods A total of 125 cases head injury were divided into the moderate and severe injury groups,comprising 45 and 80 cases re-spectively. Alterations in intracranial pressure were dynamically monitoried for 7 consective days,and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1 β were measured 1,3 and 7 days after injury. Results The levels of TNF-α ,IL-1β and intracranial pressure were markedly higher in the se-vere injury group than the control group,with significant differences between two groups at varying point after surgery(all P< 0.01). The in-tracranial pressure was positively related to TNF-α (r= 0.986,P< 0.05)as well as IL-1 β (r= 0.979,P< 0.01) in moderate injury group. The same condition was noted in the severe injury group. Conclusion Serum levels of the TNF-α and IL-1 β are considerably elevated,reflect-ing to some degree the disease severity and intracranial pressure change in head injury.