Salivary biomarkers: novel noninvasive tools to diagnose chronic inflammation.
10.1038/s41368-023-00231-6
- Author:
Paola DONGIOVANNI
1
;
Marica MERONI
1
;
Sara CASATI
2
;
Riccardo GOLDONI
3
;
Douglas Vieira THOMAZ
4
;
Nermin Seda KEHR
5
;
Daniela GALIMBERTI
5
;
Massimo DEL FABBRO
5
;
Gianluca M TARTAGLIA
5
Author Information
1. Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
2. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. sara.casati@unimi.it.
3. Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
4. Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
5. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Publication Type:Review
- MeSH:
Humans;
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis*;
Biomarkers;
Cytokines;
Inflammation/diagnosis*;
Oxidative Stress
- From:
International Journal of Oral Science
2023;15(1):27-27
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Several chronic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, heart disease and cancer are preceded by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Biomarkers for the early assessment of chronic disorders encompass acute phase proteins (APP), cytokines and chemokines, pro-inflammatory enzymes, lipids and oxidative stress mediators. These substances enter saliva through the blood flow and, in some cases, there is a close relation between their salivary and serum concentration. Saliva can be easily collected and stored with non-invasive and cost-saving procedures, and it is emerging the concept to use it for the detection of inflammatory biomarkers. To this purpose, the present review aims to discuss the advantages and challenges of using standard and cutting-edge techniques to discover salivary biomarkers which may be used in diagnosis/therapy of several chronic diseases with inflammatory consequences with the pursuit to possibly replace conventional paths with detectable soluble mediators in saliva. Specifically, the review describes the procedures used for saliva collection, the standard approaches for the measurement of salivary biomarkers and the novel methodological strategies such as biosensors to improve the quality of care for chronically affected patients.
