Antimalarial activities of butanol and ethylacetate fractions of Combretum nigricans leaf

Enegide CHINEDU; Peter AKAH; Dabum JACOB; Ifeoma ONAH; Chimere UKEGBU; Chukwuma CHUKWUEMEKA

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Antimalarial activities of butanol and ethylacetate fractions of Combretum nigricans leaf

Author: Enegide CHINEDU ¹ ; Peter AKAH ¹ ; Dabum JACOB ² ; Ifeoma ONAH ³ ; Chimere UKEGBU ⁴ ; Chukwuma CHUKWUEMEKA ⁵
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1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria
2. Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos
3. Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria
4. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria
5. Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Antimalarial; Butanol fraction; Combretum nigricans; Ethylacetate fraction; In vivo
From:Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019;9(4):176-180
CountryChina
Language:Chinese
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the antimalarial activity of the ethylacetate and butanol fractions of Combretum nigricans (C. nigricans) leaf extract in mice. Methods: C. nigricans solvent (butanol and ethylacetate) fractions were screened for their phytochemical constituents using standard procedures illustrated by Harborne and Evans. The Peters' 4-day suppressive test against early malaria infection, Rane's curative test against established malaria and prophylactic test for residual activity were employed for evaluating the antimalarial potential in mice. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids in both fractions at different intensity. Both fractions exhibited significant antimalarial activity in all test models (P<0.05). The ethylacetate fraction of C. nigricans had better chemosuppressive and curative effects compared to the butanol fraction, which however, elicited a better chemoprophylactic effect. The chemosuppressive effect of C. nigricans ethylacetate fraction (200-800 mg/kg) was 77.6%, 69.1% and 86.1%; curative effect was 62.3%, 71.3% and 72.4%; while the chemoprophylactic activity was 32.1%, 48.6% and 61.2% respectively. C. nigricans butanol fraction (200-800 mg/kg) had 40.3%, 54.1% and 69.1% chemosuppression; 26.2%, 36.9% and 34.5% curative effect; and 48.4%, 70.0% and 87.4% chemoprophylaxis. Conclusions: Both solvent fractions of C. nigricans possess antimalarial activity, and may be useful at different stages of malaria therapy.