Biofluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: Progress, Problems, and Perspectives.
10.1007/s12264-022-00836-7
- Author:
Shan HUANG
1
;
Yan-Jiang WANG
2
;
Junhong GUO
3
,
4
Author Information
1. Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
2. Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China. yanjiang_wang@tmmu.edu.cn.
3. Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China. neuroguo@
4. com.
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease;
Amyloid-beta;
Biomarker;
Diagnosis;
Tau
- From:
Neuroscience Bulletin
2022;38(6):677-691
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Since the establishment of the biomarker-based A-T-N (Amyloid/Tau/Neurodegeneration) framework in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the diagnosis of AD has become more precise, and cerebrospinal fluid tests and positron emission tomography examinations based on this framework have become widely accepted. However, the A-T-N framework does not encompass the whole spectrum of AD pathologies, and problems with invasiveness and high cost limit the application of the above diagnostic methods aimed at the central nervous system. Therefore, we suggest the addition of an "X" to the A-T-N framework and a focus on peripheral biomarkers in the diagnosis of AD. In this review, we retrospectively describe the recent progress in biomarkers based on the A-T-N-X framework, analyze the problems, and present our perspectives on the diagnosis of AD.
