Triple Combination Therapy Using Metformin, Thiazolidinedione, and a GLP-1 Analog or DPP-IV Inhibitor in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
10.4093/kdj.2010.34.6.331
- Author:
Sun Woo KIM
1
,
2
Author Information
1. Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. sunwoo
2. kim@samsung.com
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus;
Glucagon-like peptide 1;
Metformin;
Thiazolidinediones
- MeSH:
Diabetes Mellitus;
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4;
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1;
Humans;
Hypoglycemia;
Insulin;
Insulin Resistance;
Metformin;
Thiazolidinediones;
Weight Gain;
Weight Loss
- From:Korean Diabetes Journal
2010;34(6):331-337
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Although there is no HbA1c threshold for cardiovascular risk, the American Diabetic Association-recommended goal of HbA1c < 7.0% appears to be unacceptably high. To achieve an optimal HbA1c level goal of 6.0% or less, a high dosage of sulfonylureas and insulin would be required; the trade-off would be the common adverse effects of hypoglycemia and weight gain. In contrast, hypoglycemia is uncommon with insulin sensitizers and GLP-1 analogs, allowing the physician to titrate these drugs to maximum dosage to reduce HbA1c levels below 6.0% and they have been shown to preserve beta-cell function. Lastly, weight gain is common with sulfonylurea and insulin therapy, whereas GLP-1 analogs induce weight loss and offset the weight gain associated with TZDs. A treatment paradigm shift is recommended in which combination therapy is initiated with diet/exercise, metformin (which has antiatherogenic effects and improves hepatic insulin sensitivity), a TZD (which improves insulin sensitivity and preserves beta-cell function with proven durability), and a GLP-1 analog (which improves beta, alpha-cell function and promotes weight loss) or a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
