Role of a Burr Hole and Calvarial Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in the Ischemic Rat Brain: A Possible Mechanism for the Efficacy of Multiple Burr Hole Surgery in Moyamoya Disease.
10.3340/jkns.2015.58.3.167
- Author:
Taek Kyun NAM
1
;
Seung Won PARK
;
Yong Sook PARK
;
Jeong Taik KWON
;
Byung Kook MIN
;
Sung Nam HWANG
Author Information
1. Department of Neurosurgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. nspsw@cau.ac.kr
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Burr hole;
Bone marrow;
Stem cell;
Moyamoya disease;
Angiogenesis;
Neurogenesis
- MeSH:
Animals;
Bone Marrow;
Brain Injuries;
Brain*;
Bromodeoxyuridine;
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery;
Ischemia;
Moyamoya Disease*;
Nestin;
Neurogenesis;
Rabeprazole;
Rats*;
Rats, Sprague-Dawley;
Stem Cells*;
Trephining;
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- From:Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
2015;58(3):167-174
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the role of a burr hole and calvarial bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) in a transient ischemic brain injury model in the rat and postulates a possible mechanism for the efficacy of multiple cranial burr hole (MCBH) surgery in moyamoya disease (MMD). METHODS: Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats (250 g, male) were divided into four groups : normal control group (n=5), burr hole group (n=5), ischemia group (n=5), and ischemia+burr hole group (n=5). Focal ischemia was induced by the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At one week after the ischemic injury, a 2 mm-sized cranial burr hole with small cortical incision was made on the ipsilateral (left) parietal area. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, 2 times a day for 6 days after the burr hole trephination. At one week after the burr hole trephination, brains were harvested. Immunohistochemical stainings for BrdU, CD34, VEGF, and Doublecortin and Nestin were done. RESULTS: In the ischemia+burr hole group, BrdU (+), CD34 (+), and Doublecortin (+) cells were found in the cortical incision site below the burr hole. A number of cells with Nestin (+) or VEGF (+) were found in the cerebral parenchyma around the cortical incision site. In the other groups, BrdU (+), CD34 (+), Doublecortin (+), and Nestin (+) cells were not detected in the corresponding area. These findings suggest that BrdU (+) and CD34 (+) cells are bone marrow-derived stem cells, which may be derived from the calvarial bone marrow through the burr hole. The existence of CD34 (+) and VEGF (+) cells indicates increased angiogenesis, while the existence of Doublecortin (+), Nestin (+) cells indicates increased neurogenesis. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, the BMSCs through burr holes seem to play an important role for the therapeutic effect of the MCBH surgery in MMD.
