Patient-reported outcome measures for adolescents with spinal dysfunction: a systematic review based on COSMIN and ICF-CY
10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2026.10.004
- VernacularTitle:青少年脊柱功能障碍患者报告结局测量工具的系统综述：基于COSMIN和ICF-CY
- Author:
Liyuan WANG
1
;
Xin MA
1
;
Jing LI
1
;
Jian ZHANG
2
;
Yanyan DU
1
;
Xiaohong CHEN
1
;
Hua LIU
1
Author Information
1. Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
2. Dinghuili Primary School Affiliated to Capital Normal University, Beijing 100142, China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
adolescents;
spinal health;
patient-reported outcome measures;
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth;
systematic review
- From:
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice
2026;32(10):1154-1164
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the measurement content, psychometric properties and quality of evidence of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for adolescents with spinal dysfunction based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth (ICF-CY) framework, Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) and modified GRADE approach. MethodsDatabases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies assessing psychometric properties of PROMs targeting adolescents with spinal dysfunction. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist, the psychometric properties were rated according to COSMIN criteria, and evidence quality was graded using modified GRADE approach. Item content of each PROM was coded following the ICF-CY linking rules. ResultsA total of 23 studies involving eight PROMs were included. Brace Questionnaire (BrQ), Italian Spine Youth Quality of Life Questionnaire (ISYQOL), Quality of Life Profile for Spinal Deformities (QLPSD), Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ), Scoliosis Japanese Questionnaire-27 (SJ-27) and Scoliosis Research Society-22 Revised Questionnaire (SRS-22r) were rated as grade B, while EuroQol Five-Dimension Youth Five-Level Questionnaire (EQ-5D-Y-5L) and Young Spine Questionnaire (YSQ) were rated as grade C. The eight PROMs were linked to six to 24 ICF-CY categories. BrQ covered the largest number of categories (n = 24), followed by SJ-27 (n = 19) and SRS-22r (n = 16). Except for SAQ which mainly focused on dimension of body functions and structures, all other PROMs covered both dimension of body functions and structures, and activities and participation, while BrQ, ISYQOL, SRS-22r and YSQ also covered dimension of environmental factors. Major methodological limitations included insufficient evidence for content validity, inappropriate factor-analysis approaches, incomplete reporting for test-retest reliability, and overall scarcity of evidence concerning measurement error, minimal important change (MIC) and responsiveness. ConclusionThe quality of PROMs in adolescents with spinal dysfunction varies. BrQ, ISYQOL, QLPSD, SAQ, SJ-27 and SRS-22r show application potential, yet further high-quality studies are required to supplement their psychometric evidence. EQ-5D-Y-5L and YSQ exist high-quality insufficient evidence. Selection of PROMs should comprehensively consider target population, measurement purpose, content coverage and quality of evidence. Further researches are needed to improve reporting quality.
