Acquired trisomy 8 (+8) is a numerical abnormality of somatic chromosomes. Previous understanding of +8 has largely focused on hematological diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome. Recent studies have revealed a close association between +8 and autoinflammatory diseases. Although clinical manifestations associated with acquired +8 have been progressively elucidated, its pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Meanwhile, the comorbidity of hematological diseases and autoinflammatory diseases poses substantial challenges to the effective management of such conditions. This article reviews advances in clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment of acquired +8, aiming to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.