Exploring Content and Distribution Patterns of 22 Ginsenosides in Stems and Leaves of Panax ginseng with Different Stem Colors by UHPLC-QqQ-MS
10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20260961
- VernacularTitle:基于UHPLC-QqQ-MS分析不同茎色人参茎、叶中22种人参皂苷类成分的含量及分布规律
- Author:
Tianxin ZHANG
1
;
Yang YANG
1
;
Jiabing ZHANG
1
;
Lixia WANG
2
;
Xiaoxu CHEN
1
;
Xiaoyu ZHU
3
;
Dade YU
1
;
Hongwei WU
1
;
Zhuju WANG
1
;
Kaiyang LIU
1
;
Liying TANG
1
Author Information
1. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica，China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，Beijing 100700，China
2. Nanchang Medical College，Nanchang 330052，China
3. School of Pharmacy，Zunyi Medical University，Zunyi 563099，China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Panax ginseng stems and leaves;
ginsenosides;
ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-QqQ-MS）;
phenotypic variation;
growth duration;
quantitative analysis
- From:
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
2026;32(21):198-209
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo systematically elucidate the accumulation characteristics of secondary metabolites in the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng with different stem colors. MethodsUltra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-QqQ-MS） was employed to determine the of 22 ginsenosides in the stems and leaves of 2- to 5-year-old P. ginseng plants with green and purple stems. Principal component analysis （PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， and one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） were performed to explore the distribution patterns of ginsenosides from three dimensions： tissue distribution， growth duration， and stem color. Results① Tissue distribution： Leaves served as the primary organ for ginsenoside accumulation， exhibiting significantly higher total ginsenoside content than stems， which indicated distinct tissue-specific distribution of ginsenosides. ② Growth duration： Ginsenoside levels in stems generally peaked in the 2-year-old plants before stabilizing， while those in leaves displayed a declining-rebounding pattern， indicating that the 2-year-old plants （harvest stage） was a critical time point for the resurgence of leaf ginsenosides. ③ Stem color： A stage-specific correlation was observed between stem color and ginsenoside accumulation. In stems， the early-growth stage （2-year-old） of purple-stemmed plants exhibited higher content of specific ginsenosides （e.g.， ginsenoside Rk1 and notoginsenoside R1）， which may be associated with its stronger early-stage stress resistance. In leaves， the content of core ginsenosides （e.g.， ginsenosides Re and Rd） in 5-year-old plants with green stems showed a surpassing trend， demonstrating higher potential of resource development. ConclusionThe accumulation of ginsenosides in P. ginseng stems and leaves is multidimensionally regulated by tissue type， growth duration， and stem color phenotypes. Purple-stemmed plants exhibit early-stage specific ginsenoside accumulation and stress resistance potential， whereas green-stemmed plants are more advantageous for core leaf ginsenoside development at the harvest stage. The findings confirm that aboveground stem color can serve as a biomarker for directed breeding and efficient resource utilization of P. ginseng.
