Nanomedicine reshapes immune tolerance in liver transplantation and its clinical translation
10.12464/j.issn.1674-7445.2026037
- VernacularTitle:纳米医学重塑肝移植免疫耐受及其临床转化
- Author:
Wuyu WANG
1
;
Jianqiao KONG
2
;
Yang DAI
2
;
Peng ZHANG
2
;
Zhenghua DING
2
;
Hengping LI
2
Author Information
1. Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital Graduate Joint Training Base, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xiangyang 441000, China.
2. null.
- Publication Type:TransplantationForefront
- Keywords:
Nanomedicine;
Liver transplantation;
Immune tolerance;
Immunoreprogramming;
Adaptive immune remodeling;
Clinical translation;
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4;
Polylactic-co-glycolic acid
- From:
Organ Transplantation
2026;17(5):738-747
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
As a key treatment method for end-stage liver diseases, long-term efficacy of liver transplantation is limited by rejection and serious complications such as liver and kidney toxicity, infection risks and tumor recurrence caused by immunosuppressive drugs. In recent years, nanotechnology, with its targeted delivery capabilities and spatio-temporal controlled release characteristics, has demonstrated great potential in precisely regulating immune responses. This article systematically reviews the multi-level application strategies and mechanisms of nanomedicine in the immunoreprogramming of liver transplantation, covering innate immunoreprogramming (phenotypic transformation of Kupffer cells or macrophages, inhibition of inflammasomes and mitochondrial repair), adaptive immune remodeling (targeted regulation of dendritic cells, gene silencing vectors and reprogramming of T cell functions), and elaborates on the strategies for coordinated regulation of the microenvironment. The article also focuses on the targeted application of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. In response to clinical translation bottlenecks, innovative solutions such as the design of degradable polymer carriers, the construction of intelligent response systems and the optimization of large-scale production pathways are proposed, providing theoretical support and practical directions for achieving the paradigm shift from "global immunosuppression" to "precise immune tolerance".
