Study on the effect of saikosaponin D drug-loaded vesicles on alleviating periodontitis in mice
10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.202550509
- Author:
HE Guangxiang
1
;
YANG Xiaoyu
2
;
ZHU Yilan
2
;
WANG Qingying
2
;
HU Tengfei
3
;
SUI Bingdong
3
;
ZHANG Sha
2
Author Information
1. The First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine 2Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University.
2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine
3. Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
periodontitis;
mesenchymal stem cells;
extracellular vesicles;
saikosaponin D;
drug-loaded vesicles;
macrophage polarization;
alveolar bone resorption;
inflammatory infiltration;
cytokines;
runt-related transcription factor 2
- From:
Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases
2026;34(9):843-855
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To explore new therapeutic strategies for periodontitis, this study prepared extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) loaded with saikosaponin D (SSD) and evaluated their efficacy in a mouse model of periodontitis.
Methods:This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee and the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of the unit. hUC-MSCs at logarithmic growth phase were seeded into 96 well plates and then treated with various concentrations of SSD for 24 hours. The CCK-8 assay was used to determine the SSD concentration that preserves hUC-MSC viability. Flow cytometry (FCM) assessed SSD-induced apoptosis in hUC-MSCs and determined drug loading and loading efficiency. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterized the morphology and size of hUC-MSCs-EVs and hUC-MSCs-SSD-EVs. C57BL/6J mice were divided into five groups with six mice per group: control group, periodontitis model group (PD), PD+SSD group (2 mg/kg), PD+hUC-MSCs-EVs group (10 μg/μL) and PD+hUC-MSCs-SSD-EVs group (10 μg/μL). Administration was performed 3 times a week for 4 consecutive weeks. Micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining evaluated alveolar bone resorption in periodontal tissues of a mouse model of periodontitis. RT-qPCR measured inflammatory cytokine expression in periodontal tissues of a mouse model of periodontitis. Immunofluorescence analyzed macrophage M1/M2 polarization and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) protein expression in periodontal tissues of a mouse model of periodontitis.
Results:The CCK-8 assay showed that 10 μmol/L SSD had little effect on hUC-MSCs viability (P>0.05). FCM confirmed the successful loading of SSD into EVs with a loading efficiency of 11.40%. TEM and NTA revealed that hUC-MSCs-SSD-EVs presented round or oval membranous structures with diameters ranging from 200 to 300 nm. Micro CT and HE staining showed that, compared with the PD group, the distance from cementoenamel junction to alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) was markedly shortened (P<0.01）.The alveolar bone of periodontitis‑model bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular number (Tb.N) were significantly elevated in the PD+hUC-MSCs-SSD-EVs group (P<0.01). RT-qPCR and IF results showed that hUC-MSCs-SSD-EVs in periodontal tissues markedly downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-12 and interleukin-22 (P<0.01), upregulated the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 (P<0.01), promoted the polarization of macrophages from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype, and elevated the protein expression level of RUNX2 (P<0.01).
Conclusion:hUC-MSC-SSD-EVs effectively alleviated inflammatory responses in a mouse model of maxillary periodontitis and reduced alveolar bone loss, providing a new idea for the treatment of periodontitis.
- Full text:2026091114230175687柴胡皂苷D载药囊泡缓解小鼠牙周炎的作用研究.pdf
