Research progress on regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota in immune responses to oral live attenuated rotavirus vaccine
10.13200/j.cnki.cjb.004755
- VernacularTitle:肠道微生物群对口服轮状病毒减毒活疫苗免疫应答调控机制的研究进展
- Author:
Shuai WANG
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Rotavirus vaccine(RVV);
Attenuated live vaccine;
Gut microbiota;
Immune response;
Microbiota metabolites
- From:
Chinese Journal of Biologicals
2026;39(08):976-982
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
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Abstract:
Significant heterogeneity in the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of rotavirus vaccines(RVVs) has been observed across geographic regions, with the gut microbiota hypothesized to be a critical determinant of this variability.This review provides a systematic synthesis of the putative mechanisms and recent advances underlying the modulation of RVV immune efficacy by the gut microbiota.Accumulating evidence indicates that specific commensal microorganisms can regulate host mucosal and systemic immune responses through multiple pathways, including direct competition with or degradation of vaccine antigens, molecular mimicry of antigenic epitopes, provision of natural adjuvant signals, and production of immunomodulatory metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids.Methodologically, germ-free animal models,multi-omics technologies, and single-cell sequencing have been proven instrumental in elucidating the causal relationships and molecular networks underlying microbiota-immune interactions.Therefore, elucidating how gut microbiota regulate vaccine responsiveness will establish a theoretical foundation and translational pathways for microbiota-targeted adjunctive strategies.Such strategies hold promises for overcoming RVV efficacy heterogeneity and enhancing vaccine protection in children worldwide.
