Characteristics and influencing factors of hearing loss caused by occupational noise exposure in an automobile manufacturing enterprise
10.3969/j.issn.1006-2483.2026.04.005
- VernacularTitle:某汽车制造企业职业噪声暴露致听力损失特征及影响因素
- Author:
Xiaoxiao GUO
1
;
Xuan LIU
2
;
Xue ZHAO
1
;
Jing LIU
1
;
Qiang ZENG
2
Author Information
1. Institute of Occupational Health, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
2. Institute of Occupational Health, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China;School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
High-frequency hearing loss;
Noisy work;
Cumulative noise exposure (CNE);
Generalized estimation equations;
Occupational health monitoring
- From:
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
2026;37(4):21-25
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the increase in hearing thresholds in different frequency bands of workers exposed to different characteristic noises and the influencing factors of binaural high-frequency hearing loss, and to provide theoretical support for occupational health monitoring in enterprises. Methods In 2021, noise-exposed workers were selected from typical noise-exposing enterprises as research subjects, and their occupational health examination data were tracked for three consecutive years. According to the on-site detection from 2021 to 2023, the cumulative noise exposure (CNE) was calculated. The chi-square test was used to compare the increase of the hearing threshold of workers exposed to different characteristic noises in different frequency bands. A generalized estimation equation was constructed to explore the influencing factors of high-frequency hearing loss in the research subjects. Results The age of the study subjects was 23-54 years old, with 1.6-20.1 years of working experience, mainly distributed in manufacturing workshops, technical workshops and public works workshops. The median LAeq,8h was 85.90 (84.5, 86.1) dB(A), and the average CNE was 94.3±2.6 dB(A). The number of people with increased hearing thresholds in each frequency band was 0.5kHz>6kHz>4kHz>3kHz>1kHz>2kHz. There were statistically significant differences in the increase of hearing thresholds in each frequency band, binaural speech frequency impairment, and high-frequency hearing loss among subjects with different characteristics (P<0.05). The detection rate of binaural speech frequency hearing loss was the highest in subjects aged>45 years, with a length of service of>15 years, and with a CNE>96dB(A). The detection rate of binaural high-frequency hearing loss was the highest in subjects aged 35-40 years, with a length of service of 5-10 years, and with a CNE>96dB(A).In addition, the detection rate of binaural speech frequency and high-frequency hearing loss increased with the increase of CNE(P<0.05). The GEE model showed that age>40 years and CNE>96dB(A) were risk factors for high-frequency hearing loss in both ears. Conclusion With increasing age and CNE, hearing thresholds rise across all frequency bands, elevating the risk of binaural speech-frequency and high-frequency hearing loss, thereby increasing the likelihood of occupational noise-induced deafness.
