Source and carcinogenesis risk assessment of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Harbin, China
10.3969/j.issn.1006-2483.2026.04.002
- VernacularTitle:哈尔滨市大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的源解析和人群致癌风险评价
- Author:
Zhen KANG
1
;
Yang LIU
1
;
Rao FU
1
;
Xiaobo LIU
1
;
Qianqi HONG
1
;
Fei YAN
1
Author Information
1. Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5);
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;
Sources;
Carcinogenic risk assessment
- From:
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
2026;37(4):6-10
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the pollution characteristics of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the non-heating period, heating period, and haze period in Harbin, and infer their possible sources, and to evaluate their impact on population carcinogenesis. Methods From 2020 to 2022, sampling points were set up in different districts of Harbin. PM2.5 samples were regularly collected every month to analyze the contents of 10 types of PM2.5-bound 4-6 rings PAHs. The pollution characteristics of PAHs were analyzed during different monitoring periods (non-heating period, heating period, and haze period). The excess carcinogenesis risks of PM2.5-bound PAHs were assessed according to the Technical Specifications for Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Pollution and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) risk assessment method. The characteristic ratio method and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model were used to infer the sources of PAHs. Results The median mass concentrations of ambient PM2.5-bound 4-6 rings PAHs (ΣPAHs) during the non-heating period, heating period, and haze period were 6.44 ng/m3, 37.85 ng/m3, and 106.79 ng/m3, respectively. During the heating season and haze period, the concentrations of benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, pyrene and fluoranthene were relatively high. The excess carcinogenic risks for ASF>16, ASF2-16 and ASF<2 caused by exposure to PM2.5-bound 4-6rings PAHs during the heating season were 2.34×10-6, 1.82×10-6, and 0.88×10-6, respectively, while the excess carcinogenic risks for the whole population during the heating season and haze period were 5.05×10-6 and 1.75×10-6, respectively. The results of the two source methods showed that the main characteristic elements during the heating season were fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene. According to the emission source standards, it was determined that the sources were mainly coal and biomass combustion, accompanied by traffic source emissions. Conclusion In Harbin, the PM2.5-bound 4-6 rings PAHs during the haze period is significantly higher than that during the heating period. The pollution is mainly from coal combustion emissions, accompanied by continuous traffic source pollution. The exposure to PAHs during the heating period poses a potential carcinogenic risk to the population.
