Multidimensional characteristics and clinical translation challenges of biomarkers in immunotherapy for urothelial carcinoma
10.12483/j.issn.1009-8291.2026.01.015
- VernacularTitle:尿路上皮癌免疫治疗生物标志物的多维特征与临床转化挑战
- Author:
Yuchun LUO
1
;
Hongwei LIU
2
Author Information
1. Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Guangdong Nongken, Zhanjiang 524002
2. Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
urothelial carcinoma;
immune checkpoint inhibitors;
biomarkers;
immunotherapy
- From:
Journal of Modern Urology
2026;31(1):84-90
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have revolutionized the treatment paradigm for urothelial carcinoma, yet their efficacy exhibits marked differences due to the dynamic evolution and intrinsic heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment(TME).At the genomic level, FGFR mutations and APOBEC signatures modulate neoantigen generation, influencing the predictive utility of tumor mutation burden(TMB).Within the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)drive immune suppression through CXCL12/TGF-β signaling, and the spatial proximity between CD8~+ T cells and CAFs determines T-cell exhaustion phenotypes. Metabolically, ferroptosis-related genes(FRGs)reshape the immunosuppressive microenvironment through lipid peroxidation.Emerging biomarkers, such as the LAG-3/FGL1 axis, ctDNA dynamic monitoring, and glycogen metabolic reprogramming, provide new directions for predicting treatment response.Multi-omics integration models and combination therapies demonstrate significant potential for clinical translation, yet challenges remain in standardization and dynamic monitoring technologies.This review aims to systematically explore the multidimensional characteristics of biomarkers for immunotherapy in urothelial carcinoma, offering a theoretical foundation for optimizing treatment strategies.
