Real-World Continuous Glucose Monitoring Patterns in Malaysian Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Single-Centre Study
https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.041.S1
- Author:
Ryan Jia Xian Koh
1
;
Siti Nabilah Atiqah Othman
2
;
Maszariffah Mashor
2
;
Azni Abdul Latif
2
;
Ooi Chuan Ng
1
Author Information
1. Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences UPM
2. Department of Medicine, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- MeSH:
Adult;
Blood Glucose;
Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring;
Continuous Glucose Monitoring;
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
- From:
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies
2026;41(S1):45-46
- CountryPhilippines
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Introduction:Malaysia has one of the highest diabetes prevalence rates
in Asia (1 in 5), with >50% fail to achieve optimal glycemic
control. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides
detailed insights beyond hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c),
capturing daily glucose fluctuations and variability. Realworld data describing CGM patterns and their clinical
associations in Malaysian adults with type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM) are limited.
Methodology:This cross-sectional study analyzed CGM data from 25
Malaysian adults with T2DM, standardized over 14 days.
CGM metrics included time in range (TIR), time above
range (TAR), time below range (TBR), mean glucose,
and coefficient of variation (CV). Weekday–weekend
comparisons were performed, and correlations with
age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, body mass index (BMI),
treatment regimen, and complications were assessed.
Results:Participants had a mean age of 56.2 ± 13.2 years (52%
male), mean HbA1c 9.4 ± 2.7%, diabetes duration 10.7 ±
9.0 years, and BMI 29.8 ± 9.4 kg/m². Mean TIR, TAR, TBR,
mean glucose, and CV were similar between weekdays
and weekends (p >0.34 for all). TIR >70% was achieved by
52% of participants on weekdays and 48% on weekends,
with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.75). Longer
diabetes duration correlated with lower TIR (r = −0.62, p <0.001), higher mean glucose (r = 0.58, p = 0.002), and greater
variability (r = 0.54, p = 0.004). Older age was associated with
lower TIR (r = −0.48, p = 0.014) and higher mean glucose (r
= 0.44, p = 0.025). Higher HbA1c correlated with lower TIR
(r = −0.36, p = 0.04), higher TAR (r = 0.35, p = 0.05), greater
variability (r = 0.51, p = 0.006), and increased target organ
damage (ρ = 0.55, p = 0.004). BMI was not associated with
TIR (r = −0.18, p = 0.38). Participants with ≥2 complications
had lower TIR (55.8 ± 28.4% vs 76.7 ± 19.2%, p = 0.073), while
insulin the
Conclusion:In Malaysian adults with T2DM, CGM metrics were similar
between weekdays and weekends, indicating lifestyle
differences had minimal impact on glycemic control. Longer
diabetes duration, older age, higher HbA1c, multiple
complications, and insulin therapy identified patients at
highest risk for poor glycemic control, greater variability,
and hypoglycemia. These findings support the use of
CGM for risk stratification, individualized monitoring,
and therapy optimization to reduce complications and
hypoglycemia risk.
- Full text:2026073010494262678EP_A047.pdf
