Construction of the Theoretical Model of the "Manipulative Effect Units" and Its Application in Complex Interventions of Manual Medicine
10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2026.13.003
- VernacularTitle:“手法效果单元”理论模型的构建及其在手法医学复杂干预中的应用
- Author:
Yanan SUN
1
;
Qun NIU
2
;
Changhe YU
2
Author Information
1. Xuanwu Hospital，Capital Medical University，Beijing，100053
2. Dongzhimen Hospital，Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
manual medicine;
complex interventions;
manipulative effect unit;
theoretical model
- From:
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine
2026;67(13):1365-1372
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Drawing on the concepts of behavioural change taxonomies and theoretical coding schemes， this paper designs a theoretical model of "manipulative effect units" for manual medicine， establishing a logical framework that links "treatment objectives （theory-driven）-treatment techniques （precise implementation）-expected effects （immediate verification）". First， it analyses the methodological challenges faced by manual medicine as a complex intervention， reviewing the insights and limitations of existing research frameworks. It then focuses on the model's core concepts， theoretical architecture and multi-level coding system of "manipulative effect units"， illustrating its application logic using tuina for knee osteoarthritis as an example. Finally， it proposes a development pathway of "manipulative effect units" model in complex interventions based on consensus， technological integration and artificial intelligence. This model aims to provide a unified methodological foundation for the standardised description， reproducible research and identification of active components in manual interventions， thereby propelling manual medicine from empirical transmission towards a new phase guided by theory and evidence optimization.
