The dual regulatory effect of locoregional therapy on the tumor immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma： Mechanisms and combined treatment strategies
- VernacularTitle:局部区域治疗对肝细胞癌免疫微环境的双重调控机制及联合治疗策略
- Author:
Enyu WANG
1
;
Hongbo WANG
2
;
Liou ZHANG
2
Author Information
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords: Carcinoma， Hepatocellular; Tumor Microenvironment; Chemoembolization， Therapeutic; Ablation Techniques
- From: Journal of Clinical Hepatology 2026;42(5):1198-1203
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
- Abstract: Locoregional therapy （LRT）， including transarterial chemoembolization， transarterial radioembolization， and various ablation techniques， is an important treatment method for hepatocellular carcinoma. Many studies in recent years have confirmed that LRT has a dual regulatory effect on tumor immune microenvironment. While LRT induces immunogenic cell death， activates dendritic cell-mediated and T cell-driven immunity， and triggers systemic antitumor responses， it concomitantly upregulates the adenosine signaling pathway， promotes the accumulation of TREM2+ macrophages， and enhances the expression of immunosuppressive factors， thereby forming an immunosuppressive microenvironment. At present， the combination of LRT and immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown a promising future and has promoted the exploration of novel targets within treatment-associated immunosuppressive pathways， such as adenosine， TREM2⁺ macrophages， and IL-6. This article summarizes the dual regulatory effect of LRT on immune microenvironment and highlights that multi-omics techniques and clinical trials should be used in the future to decipher its dynamic alterations， in order to optimize combination strategies， realize individualized precise treatment， and improve the prognosis of patients.
